User instructions The following guidelines and suggestions will help students and instructors to use the book in the most successful way. Modern Standard Arabic is

Abbreviations   A. accusative a.o. among others coll. collective noun colloq. colloquial language def. definite e.g. for example eg. Egyptian engl. Englisch f. feminine Fr.

Preface Modern Standard Arabic responds to the challenges of both professional praxis and academic training by using enhanced technical components. It is therefore available in

Table of contents المحتويات Table of contents المحتويات Preface XIII المقدمة User Instructions XIV إرشادات للمتعلمين والمعلمين Abbreviations XVI قائمة الاختصارات   Lesson 1 1