Subject index of grammatical terminology

Subject index of grammatical terminology (english)

Englisch	Seitenzahl
1^st part (of a genitive construct)	115
1^stpart of a genitive construct	121
1^st term	534
2^nd part (of a genitive construct)	115
2^nd part of a genitive construct	121
2^nd term	534
2^nd term of a genitive construct	615
2^nd term of genitive construct	615
absolute negation	438
abstract counting	211
abstract nouns	291, 587
accusative	7, 65, 66, 68, 69, 71, 72, 95, 96, 119, 121, 156, 160, 179, 180, 181, 182, 208, 209, 212,240, 263, 289, 336, 359, 390, 392, 393, 414, 416, 464, 465, 468, 501-504, 506-507, 507-508, 530, 564, 589, 590, 592, 618, 619
accusative, adverbial	589
accusative, cognate	502, 503, 509, 590
accusative, conjunctions with	509
accusative, tamyīz	420
accusative, Tamyīz	416-417
accusative, Tamyīz-	416, 417, 419, 506
accusative after إِيَّاكَ وَ …	508
accusative after وَ	561
accusative after وَاوُ الْمَعِيَّةِ	508
accusative after Wāw	509
accusative of command	508
accusative of general negation	508
accusative of greeting and thanking	508
accusative of purpose and reason	504, 509
accusative of the state of a verbal action	504
accusative of the subject	509
action	92, 113, 158, 263, 264, 265, 266, 366, 367, 416, 463, 464, 466, 506, 562, 563
action, beginning of an	265
action, certain	264
action, continuous	264
action, intensified	503
action, repeated	264
action, routine	264
action, uncertain, in the future	613
action, verbal	41, 42, 158, 292, 368, 503, 504, 505
actions	92, 158, 159, 263, 463, 505, 562
actions, verbal	562
active	333, 336, 337, 360, 361
active in the Imperfect	96
active in the Perfect	96
active participle	41, 360, 361, 363, 364, 365, 367, 368, 388
active participles	360-362,364, 366, 367,416, 502
active voice	91, 96, 333
active voice in the Imperfect	96
active voice in the Perfect	96
adjectival attribute	116, 118
adjective	5, 26, 44-45,46, 115, 116, 118, 364, 365, 366, 367, 368, 412, 413, 418, 419, 503, 504, 533, 534, 535, 589, 590, 611, 619
adjective pattern أَفْعَلُ	411-412,416
adjective suffix ـَاوِيٌّ	588
adjective suffix ـَوِيٌّ	588
adjective suffixes	588
adjectives	44, 45, 68, 120, 237, 360, 364, 394, 411, 412, 415, 416, 418, 506, 534, 535, 588
adjectives, color	411, 416
adjectives, compound	533
adjectives, Nisba	417, 588
adjectives, Nisba-	411, 416
adjectives for colours and physical defects	588
adjectives of physical characteristics or defects	412
adjectives of the form فَعْلَانٌ	417
adjectives of the form فَعُولٌ	417
adjectives with the structure أَفْعَلُ	415
adverb	26, 72, 414, 535, 589, 590, 611
adverb, interrogative	616
adverb of place	593
adverb of time	72, 593
adverbial accusative	589
adverbial constructions	71
adverbial particles	617
adverbial phrases	590
adverbs	65, 71, 589-590,591
adverbs, interrogative	591
adverbs, numeral	393
adverbs, qualitative	589
adverbs, quantitative	589
adverbs of manner	590
adverbs of place	590
adverbs of time	71, 589, 590
adversative clause	264
affirmative nominal sentences	263
affirmative order	158
af‛alu / fa‛lā‘u	68
after	156
agent	333
agents	92
agreement, gender	179, 209, 211
agreement, rules of	95
agreement between noun and adjective	44
agreement in gender	44, 95
agreement in gender and number	95, 504, 505
agreement in number	44, 95
agreement in number and gender	44, 412
agreement in status of (in-) definiteness	45
alif sound	23
Alif	3, 5, 6, 7, 16, 21, 22, 43, 65, 70, 92, 114, 119, 155, 157, 207, 208, 291, 591, 592
Alif maqṣūra	208
all	181-182
alphabet	6-7, 16
alphabet, Arabic	3
already	156, 158
alternative question	24
amazement	507-508,509
annexed	115
answering particles	564
anteposition of the object	615
Apocopate	91, 96, 155-156,157, 158, 159, 234-236,237, 261, 262, 263, 438, 443, 563
applications of the accusative	508
apposition	182, 537
appositions	532-533
Arabic, colloquial	68, 69, 92, 94, 155, 157, 158, 159, 207, 287, 338, 359, 464, 468, 615
Arabic, modern standard	159
Arabic, Modern Standard	45, 264
Arabic, spoken	237, 264
Arabic, standard	387, 468, 615
Arabic alphabet	3
Arabic descriptor	23
Arabic dialects	92
Arabic letters	3-4
Arabic numerals	120
Arabic script	7, 11-13
Arabic scripts	15
arabization	394
article	21-22,26, 69, 70, 93, 115, 116, 118, 121, 185, 364, 418, 507, 533, 534, 535
artificial infinitive	291, 359
artificial verbal noun	294
attribute	44, 45, 116, 412, 531, 588, 593
attribute (of a genitive construct)	115
attribute, adjectival	116, 118
attributes	292, 418, 529, 533
auxiliary signs	5
auxiliary verb	263
auxiliary vowel	93, 159
base form	261, 289, 337, 360
base Form	261
base pattern	91, 92
basic form	261, 291
basic form I	289
basic structure	263, 287
basic structures	612
beginning of an action	265
bodily defects	68
both	619
broken plural	41, 42, 43, 47, 65, 66, 364
broken plural form	44
broken plural forms	585
broken plurals	43, 46, 68
calligraphy, Arabic	7
capital letters	11
cardinal numeral	239, 393
cardinal numerals from 20	209-211
cardinal number	121, 240
cardinal numbers	237, 238, 239
cardinal numbers 1 – 10	120-121
cardinal numbers from 11 to 20	179
carrier of Hamza	591
carrier	591
case	41, 44, 45, 65, 115, 182, 210, 237, 365, 414, 529, 532
case, genitive	467
case ending	116, 467
case endings	65, 68, 116, 121, 292
cases	68
causative	337, 467
causative clauses	467
certain action	264
chair	591, 592
chair of Hamza	591, 592
chair (of the Hamza)	3, 7
chair of the Hamza	7, 591, 592
characteristics or defects, physical	411
clause	438, 468, 505
clause, adversative	264
clause, conditional	464
clause, conditional, unreal	264
clause, nominal	612
clause, relative	69, 365

clause, subordinate	292, 443, 463, 464, 466, 611, 612
clause, verbal	612
clauses	437, 439, 441
clauses, causative	467
clauses, conditional	92
clauses, consecutive	467
clauses, object	564
clauses, optative	92
clauses, relative	336, 364-366
clauses, relative, shortened	502
clauses, subordinate	94, 156
cognate accusative	502, 503, 509, 590
collective	593
collective, generic	593
collective, proper	593
collective meaning	585, 587
collective noun	586, 593
collectives	585-587
collectives, generic	585
collectives, Nisba	587
collectives, proper	586
collectives describing non-humans	586
collectives with a feminine Nisba	587
collocations	563, 616
colloquial Arabic	68, 69, 92, 94, 155, 157, 158, 159, 207, 287, 338, 359, 464, 468, 615
colloquial language	115, 158
colloquial verbs	237
color adjectives	411, 416
colors	288, 411
colours	68, 338
colours and physical defects, adjectives for	588
combinations with يَا لَكَ مِنْ	507
comparative	360, 368, 412-416, 419
comparative form	412, 414
comparison	413, 414, 416-417,420, 506, 561
comparison, negative	417
comparisons, unreal	442
compound	264, 533, 589
compound adjectives	533
compound form	563
compound numbers	120
compound words	46
concessive conjunctions	444
concessive sentences	443
conclusion	439, 442
condition	366, 437, 439, 441, 442
conditional	463
conditional clause	464
conditional clause, unreal	264
conditional clauses	92, 563
conditional >>if<<	563
condition in conditional sentences	444
conditional particles	617
conditional sentence	437, 444
conditional sentence, real	437
conditional sentences	437, 444, 564
conditional sentences, real	439, 440, 442
conditional sentences, unreal	441
conditional sentences with إِذَا	437-441
conditional sentences with إِنْ	439, 443
conditional sentences with لَوْ	441-442,443
conditions	92, 437, 438, 440, 441
conditions, real	437
conjugation	93, 96, 207, 234, 236, 262
conjugation forms	234
conjugation of the sound verb	92
conjugation pattern	207
conjugation patterns	287
conjunction	212, 292, 437, 438, 439
conjunction أَنْ	263
conjunction بَلْ	465
conjunction حِينَمَا	464
conjunction سِوَى	468
conjunction عِنْدَمَا	464
conjunction غَيْرَ	468
conjunction كَمَا لَوْ أَنَّ	442
conjunction كَمَا لَوْ كَانَ	442
conjunction لَا	465
conjunction لٰكِنْ	465
conjunction لٰكِنَّ	465
conjunction لَوْ	441
conjunction وَلَا	465
conjunction وَلٰكِنْ	465
conjunction وَلٰكِنَّ	465
conjunctions	118, 156, 443, 463, 466, 468, 501
conjunctions of time	463
conjunctions with لِـ	506
conjunctions with accusative	509
connecting Hamza	21
connecting vowel	22
consecutive clauses	467
consequence	437, 438, 439, 441, 442
consequence in conditional sentences	444
consonant	5, 7, 71, 113, 236, 389, 591, 592, 617
consonant, doubled	5
consonant cluster	157
consonants	3, 16, 41, 113, 261, 263
construct	115
construct, genitive	115-117,121, 418
construct, genitive, unreal	418-419,420
construct phrase	115
construct state	115
constructions, adverbial	71
constructs, genitive	210

continuous action	264
counting, abstract	211
curses	92
dagger Alif	7
dagger alif	23
Ḍamma	5, 22, 43, 44, 65, 68, 92, 93, 113, 118, 119, 155, 157, 207, 233, 389, 589, 591, 592
date	239
dates	211-212, 239
decimal numbers	393
declension	65-68
declination	617
declined in the accusative	72
declined in the genitive	72
declined in the nominative	72
defects, bodily	68
definite	21, 22, 24, 44, 65, 66, 67, 68, 115, 116, 117, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 185, 211, 239, 361, 364, 414, 416, 418, 529, 533, 534, 535, 617
definiteness	237
demonstrative pronoun	24, 26, 43, 116
demonstrative pronouns	23, 43,116, 617
denominative	337
derivations	587
derivatives	41
derived form	91, 337, 360
derived forms	261-263, 287-288,289, 291, 334, 337-338,360, 363, 368, 503
derived forms – characteristics	337-338
derived Forms	261, 389
derived noun	359, 368
derived nouns	291, 360
derived verb	96
derived verbs	337
descriptions of occupation	363
descriptor, Arabic	23
diacritical dots	11
dialects	468
dialects, Arabic	92
diminutive	41, 394
diminutives	389-390
diphthong	207, 212, 234
diphthongs	4, 5
diptote	65, 72, 411
diptotes	65, 68, 120, 185
direct object	118, 293, 337, 391, 501, 509
direct speech	209
disparagement	389, 394
dividing Hamza	21
dots, diacritical	11
double transitive verb	338
double transitive verbs	336-337,501
doubled	21, 113, 119, 288
doubled consonant	5
doubled letter	93
doubling	7, 65, 261
doubling sign	5
doubly transitive verbs	390-392
dual	42, 43, 44, 47, 66, 67, 69, 92, 113, 117, 118, 119, 121, 155, 207, 414, 529, 617, 619
dual ending	617
dual form	23, 43, 44, 92
dual forms	23, 69, 92, 617
dual inflection	179
dual noun	619
dual nouns	619
elative	360, 368, 412, 420
emphasis	208
emphasize	121
ending	42, 46, 65, 66, 68, 589
ending, case	116, 467
ending, dual	617
ending, feminine	22
ending, Nisba	45-46, 588
endingـانِ	113
ending ـِيَّاتٌ	587
endings	66, 68, 155, 261, 617
endings, case	65, 68, 116, 121, 292
endings ـَة and ـِيَا	46
English transliteration	7
epithet	586, 593
event	266
events	92
every	181-182
exception	467-469
exceptive particle	467
exceptive particles	564
exceptive sentence	469
exceptive sentences	467, 564
exceptive sentences without negation	468
exclamations	564
exclamatory particles	564
expression, negated	467
expressions, fixed	367

expressions, impersonal, with أَنَّ	614
expressions, impersonal, with أَنْ	614
expressions, lexical, with أَفْعَلُ	415
extended patterns	91
extensions	588
fa‛ā’ilu	68
fa‛ā‛īlu	68
false Iḍāfa	533
Fatḥa	5, 7, 22, 65, 92, 93, 113, 155, 157, 233, 389, 591, 592
fawā‛ilu	68
feminine	22, 25, 26, 42, 43, 44, 45, 65, 66, 67, 69, 95, 121, 158, 179, 184, 208, 209, 210, 238, 239, 336, 363, 364, 365, 412, 413, 414, 507, 530, 586
feminine ending	22
feminine form	120, 121, 237, 360, 368
feminine forms	157
feminine gender	4
feminine gender marker ة	362
feminine nisba	291, 294
feminine Nisba	359, 417, 587
Five Nouns	617, 619
fixed expressions	367
fixed nouns	617-618
form	261, 337, 338
form اِفْعَلَّ	288
form I	337, 416
form I.	261
form II	263, 338, 360
form II.	261
form III	290, 338
form III.	261
form IV	290, 360
form IV.	261
form X.	261
form, base	261, 289, 337, 360
form, basic	261, 291
form, basic, I	289
form, comparative	412, 414
form, compound	563
form, derived	91, 337, 360
form, dual	23, 43, 44, 92
form, feminine	120, 121, 237, 360
form, Imperfect	113-114,233, 234, 263, 289, 293, 441
form, masculine	120, 121, 237
form, nominal	289
form, passive	293
form, past tense	265
form, Perfect	94, 113, 119, 289, 293, 441, 613
form, plural	43, 586, 617
form, singular	43, 95, 336, 586
form, superlative	412
form of intensity فَعَّالٌ	417
formation of words	5
forms	11, 12, 43, 117, 155, 207, 261, 263, 289, 360, 389, 412, 414, 507, 529, 617
forms, conjugation	234
forms, derived	261-263, 287-288,289, 291, 334, 337-338,360, 363, 368, 503
forms, derived – characteristics	337-338
forms, dual	23, 69, 92, 617
forms, feminine	157
forms, masculine	157
forms, plural	46, 291
forms, plural, broken	585
forms, plural, of the infinitive	291
forms, verbal	261
Form I	91, 261, 291, 363, 368
Form I – X	361, 362
Form II	261, 263, 337, 394
Form II, III … X	261
Form III	262, 287, 337
Form IV	262, 263, 337, 364
Form V	262, 263, 338
Form VI	287, 338
Form VII	287, 338
Form VIII	287, 338
Form IX	288, 338
Form X	288, 338
Form, base	261
Forms	261
Forms II-X	91
Forms, derived	261, 389
fourth	533-534
fractions	393
fractional number	393
fractional numbers	393
fu‛alā‘u	68
full verb	96
future	92, 113, 114, 121, 159, 263, 264, 506, 563, 613
future, negated	564
future tense	114, 121, 156, 158, 441
gender	22, 25, 44, 65, 69, 95, 182, 237, 238, 365, 366, 412, 507, 529, 615
gender, feminine	4
gender, natural	22
gender agreement	25-26,179, 209, 211
gender polarity	179, 209, 210, 211
genders	22, 116
general negation >>there is no …<<	159
general negation, accusative of	508
generic collective	593
generic collectives	585
genitive	65, 66, 68, 69, 70, 72, 115, 119, 121, 179, 180, 210, 211, 212,419, 468, 529, 530, 534, 535, 557, 589
genitive case	467
genitive construct	115-117,121, 238, 418
genitive construct, 2^nd term of	615
genitive construct, 2^nd term of a	615
genitive construct, unreal	418-419,420
genitive constructions	533
genitive constructions with ذوand ذات	529
genitive constructs	210
genitive constructs, string of	117
genitive with ذُو and ذَات	617
Ḥāl	464, 504, 505
Ḥāl-accusative	504-505,509
Ḥāl-clause	505-506,509
Ḥāl-clause, negated	505
half-	533-534
Hamza	3, 5, 7, 16, 21, 22, 69, 113, 121, 157, 262, 288, 290, 291, 591, 592
Hamza, carrier of	591
Hamza, chair of	591
Hamza chair	591
Hamza chair rules	93, 113
Hamza chairs	7
Hamza writing	591-592
Hamzas	114
Hamzat qaṭ‘	21, 262, 290
Hamzat waṣl	7, 21, 22, 69, 93, 121, 157, 159, 288, 290, 291
hamzated verb	93, 96
hamzated verbs	91, 93, 113
helping vowel	119
how much	179-181
human	363
human plurals	69
humans	411, 586
Iḍāfa, false	533
idiomatic	336
Imperative	91, 96, 157-158, 234-236, 237, 261, 262, 287, 438
Imperative, negated	438, 563
Imperative, negative	159
Imperatives	156, 157, 237
Imperfect	91, 96, 113, 114, 158, 233, 236, 263, 333, 334, 336, 437, 442, 563, 613, 618
Imperfect, indicative	91, 96
Imperfect form	113-114,233, 234, 263, 289, 293, 441
Imperfect sentences, negation of	438
Imperfect tense	91, 155, 156, 207, 233-234,333, 335, 336, 438, 439
Imperfect verb	265, 505
Imperfect vowel	113, 157, 389
impersonal expressions with أَنَّ	614
impersonal expressions with أَنْ	614
in order that	156
in order to	156
indeclinable	179, 184
indefinite	24, 26, 44, 65, 66, 68, 69, 115, 116, 121, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 211, 289, 364, 393, 411, 414, 416, 469, 504, 529, 592, 617
indefiniteness	237

independent object particle إِيَّا	502
independent object particle iyyā	509
independent personal pronoun	26
independent personal pronouns	117
independent pronoun	616
independent pronouns	617
indicative	113, 155, 237
indicative Imperfect	91, 96
indirect object	391
indirect speech	209
infinitive	121, 289-291, 292-293, 294, 336, 465, 502, 503, 504, 591, 592
infinitive, artificial	291, 359
infinitive pattern	289
infinitive of Form I	359, 368
infinitive of the derived Forms	359
infinitive of the derived forms	368
infinitive plurals	291
infinitive patterns	289
infinitive with „Mīm“	291
infinitive with the prefix Mīm	359
infinitives	290, 291, 292,359, 503, 564
infix –ta- ـتَـ	287
inflection, dual	179
initial vowel	157, 234, 236
instruments	360, 368, 387-388
instruments and vessels, name of	368
intensified action	503
intensified positive	412
intensifier لَـ	441
intensifying	337
intensity	367, 368
intensity, form of, فَعَّالٌ	417
intensity, noun of	368
intensity, nouns of	360, 367-368
interrogative adverb	616
interrogative adverbs	591
interrogative particle	616
interrogative pronoun	25, 184
interrogative pronouns	617
interrogative sentences	94, 180, 507
intransitive	338
intransitive verb	91, 96
intransitive verbs	289, 612
invariable	237
irregular nouns	588, 617
Jussive	91, 96, 155-156,157, 158, 159, 234-236,237, 261, 262, 263, 438, 443, 563
Kasra	5, 22, 65, 92, 93, 113, 118, 119, 157, 159, 207, 233, 291, 389, 591, 592
Lām of amazement	509
language, colloquial	115, 158
letter	5, 6, 7, 15, 16, 21, 42, 93
letter, doubled	93
letter, weak	212
letters	3, 4, 11, 12, 13, 21
letters, Arabic	3-4
lexical expressions with أَفْعَلُ	415
lexical phrases	530
likelihood	266, 563, 618
long vowel	21, 71, 207, 287, 361, 390, 592
long vowels	71
Madda	5, 114, 592
mafā‛ilu	68
mafā‛īlu	68
main clause	209, 365, 442, 443, 463, 464, 465, 466, 467, 505, 506
masculine	22, 25, 26, 42, 43, 44, 65, 66, 67, 69, 91, 94, 117, 118, 121, 158, 179, 209, 238, 336, 364, 412, 413, 585, 586
masculine form	120, 121, 237
masculine forms	157
maybe	158, 618
maybe	618-619
measurements	417
military time	240
minute	240
minutes	240
modal verbs	613
modern standard Arabic	159
Modern Standard Arabic	45, 264
month	239
months	185
mood	41
moods	91
moon letters	21
myself / yourself / himself	183
name derived from a child	586
name derived from child: Father or mother of	593
name of instruments and vessels	368
names of cities	22
names of countries	22
names of body parts that exist in pairs	22
names of instruments and vessels	360
names of people and nations	586
names of the months	185
names, proper	21, 185, 586
nations	586
natural gender	22
negated expression	467
negated future	564
negated Ḥāl-clause	505
negated Imperative	438, 563
negated Perfect	564
negated statement	444
negated verb	467
negation	156, 158-160, 161, 263, 292,438, 439, 441, 467, 508, 564
negation لَا	535
negation) (لَمْ	156, 438
negation, absolute	438
negation, general, >>there is no …<<	159
negation, general, accusative of	508
negation of actions in the future	159
negation of actions in the past	159
negation of Imperfect sentences	438
negation of nouns	534-536
negation of the infinitives	292
negation particle	159
negations	465
negative comparison	417
negative Imperative	159
negative meaning	588
negative particles	564
negator لَا	439
neither … nor	160-161
nickname	586, 593
nisba,feminine	291, 294
Nisba	46, 47, 585, 586, 588
Nisba, feminine	359, 417, 587
Nisba adjectives	417, 588
Nisba collectives	587
Nisba ending	45-46,588
Nisba nouns	46
Nisba plurals	587
Nisba-adjectives	411, 416
nominal clause	612
nominal form	289
nominal predicate	263, 614
nominal sentence	24-25,160, 181, 263, 501
nominal sentences	24, 65, 69, 438, 611, 618
nominal sentences, affirmative	263
nominal use	293
nominative	65, 69, 72, 119, 121, 181, 507, 530, 615, 616
non-human	363
non-human nouns	365
non-human plural	95
non-human plurals	69, 95
non-humans	364, 586
non-persons	43, 44, 45
not definite	66, 67
not doubled	21
not only …, but also …	536-537
not to	156
not to be	160
not yet	159
noun	21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 65, 69, 95, 115, 117, 120, 121, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 209, 210, 211, 237, 238, 240, 292, 293, 359, 364, 368, 389, 412, 413, 414, 416, 418, 419, 438, 442, 465, 466, 467, 468, 501, 503, 507, 508, 532, 533, 534, 535, 587, 589, 590, 611, 612, 616, 617, 618, 619
noun, collective	586, 593
noun, derived	359, 368
noun, dual	619
noun, simple	359, 368
noun, underived	359
noun, verbal	41, 121, 294, 336, 367, 416, 590
noun, verbal, artificial	294
noun for single action	509
noun in the accusative	509
noun of a single verbal action	359, 368
noun of intensity	368
noun of place and time	368
noun of specification (pattern fi῾la)	509
noun of state (pattern fi῾la)	509
noun of the circumstances of the verbal action	359, 368
noun of the single action	503
nouns	22, 43, 45, 46, 65, 68, 69, 95, 115, 116, 117, 121, 161, 181, 183, 212, 292, 359-360,364, 367, 387-388,389, 390, 464, 468, 469, 508, 531, 533, 534, 557, 562, 585, 586, 587, 588, 589, 592, 615, 616, 617, 618
nouns, abstract	291, 587
nouns, derived	291
nouns, dual	619
Nouns, Five	617, 619
nouns, fixed	617-618
nouns, irregular	588, 617
nouns, negation of	534-536
nouns, non-human	365
nouns, quadriliteral	390
nouns, simple	359
nouns, singular	617
nouns, triliteral	390
nouns, undeclinable	617-618
nouns describing people	22
nouns for instruments and vessels	387-388
nouns of intensity	360, 367-368
nouns of place and time	360, 389
nouns often used as مُضَافٌ	531
nouns which denote times or directions	618
numeral	121, 179, 210, 239
numeral, cardinal	239, 393
numeral adverbs	393
numerals	209, 212, 239, 393-394,618
numerals, Arabic	120
numerals, cardinal, from 20	209-211
numerals of reiteration	393
number	41, 42-43,44, 47, 65, 69, 95, 120, 121, 179, 182, 210, 211, 237, 365, 412, 507, 529, 532, 615
number, cardinal	121, 240
number, ordinal	241
number, ordinal, 1^st	238
numbers	42, 120, 121, 179, 210, 585
numbers, cardinal	237, 238, 239
numbers, cardinal, 1 – 10	120-121
numbers, cardinal, from 11 to 20	179
numbers, compound	120
numbers, decimal	393
numbers, fractional	393
numbers, ordinal	237, 238, 239, 240, 414
numbers, ordinal, from 1^st to 20^th	237-239
numeral, ordinal	239
numerals, ordinal	239, 393
Nūn	3, 5, 6, 65
nunation	65, 66, 68, 71, 72, 115, 121, 507
oaths	557, 561
object	65, 91, 94, 95, 96, 208, 292, 333, 336, 337, 502, 504, 611, 615, 616
object, anteposition of the	615
object, direct	118, 293, 337, 391, 501, 509
object, indirect	391
object clauses	564
object particle	502
object pronoun	118
object sentences	95
objects	91, 336, 390, 392, 501
objects in the accusative	501-504
occupation	363
occupations	532
occupations (jobs)	46
one	183-184
optative clauses	92
order, affirmative	158
ordinal number	241
ordinal number 1^st	238
ordinal numbers	237, 238, 239, 240, 414
ordinal numbers from 1^st to 20^th	237-239
ordinal numeral	239
ordinal numerals	239, 393
participle	42, 289, 360, 361, 364, 365, 366, 367, 418, 504, 589
participle, active	41, 360, 361, 363, 364, 365, 367, 368, 388
participle, passive	41, 291, 336, 360, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 368, 389, 394
participles	360, 363-364, 364-366,416, 418, 614
participles, active	360-362,364, 366, 367,416, 502
participles, passive	360-362,364, 366, 367
particle	41, 212, 359, 368, 502
particle, exceptive	467
particle, interrogative	616
particle, negation	159
particle, object	502
particle, object, إِيَّا	502
particle, prefix, فَـ	465
particle أَ	24
particle إِنَّ	208
particle أَيْ	184
particle إِيَّا	337
particle سَـ	438
particle سَوْفَ	438
particle غَيْرُ	618
particle فَـ	438, 467, 562-563,616
particle فَـ after initial أَمَّا	616
particle قَدْ	438, 505, 563, 616
particle لَا	438
particle لَمْ	438
particle لَنْ	438
particle هَلْ	24
particle يَا	507
particles	155, 557, 563-564
particles, adverbial	617
particles, answering	564
particles, conditional	617
particles, exceptive	564
particles, exclamatory	564
particles, negative	564
particles فقد, لقد, قَدْ	563
particles for achieving attention	564
particles for introducing conditional sentences	564
particles of swearing an oath	564
particles with following accusative	564
passive	333, 336, 337, 360, 361, 392, 613
passive form	293
passive in the Imperfect	96
passive in the Perfect	96
passive participle	41, 291, 336, 360, 362, 363, 364, 365, 366, 368, 389, 394
passive participles	360-362,364, 366, 367
passive subject	338
passive verbs	612
passive voice	91, 96, 287, 293, 333-336, 336-337,338, 366
passive voice in the Imperfect	96
passive voice in the Perfect	96
past	92, 159, 263, 264, 438, 506, 563
past tense	437, 438, 439, 440
past tense form	265
pattern	41-42, 47, 261, 291, 360, 368, 416, 586
pattern, adjective, أَفْعَلُ	411-412,416
pattern, infinitive	289
pattern, verbal	502
pattern أَفْعَلُ	412, 416, 506
pattern أَفْعَلُ / فَعْلَاءُ	411
pattern فَاعِل	237
pattern فَعَالٌ	416
pattern فَعَلٌ	417
pattern فُعْلٌ	393
pattern فِعْلَةٌ	503
pattern فُعْلَةٌ	416
pattern مَفْعَلٌ	389
pattern مُفَعَّلٌ	394
pattern fi῾la	509
patterns	41, 43, 359, 367, 387, 412, 413, 588
patterns, conjugation	287
patterns, extended	91
patterns, infinitive	289
patterns, verbal	261
pejorative meaning	588
people and nations	586
people and nations, names of	586
Perfect	91, 92, 96, 159, 236, 237, 333, 336, 442, 506, 563, 613
Perfect, negated	564
Perfect form	94, 113, 119, 289, 293, 441, 613
Perfect tense	91, 92-94, 96, 155, 156, 158, 160, 207-208,335, 437, 438, 439, 442, 443, 464, 467, 616
Perfect verb	505
perhaps	158, 618
perhaps	618-619
person	46, 113, 337
personal pronoun	23, 24, 25, 26, 45, 94, 337, 502
personal pronouns	23,92
persons	43, 44, 45, 46, 92, 363
phonetic value	208
phrase, prepositional	26, 468, 611
phrases, adverbial	590
phrases, lexical	530
phrases, prepositional	94
physical characteristics or defects	411
physical characteristics or defects, adjectives of	412
place and time, noun of	368
place and time, nouns of	360, 389
place of the verbal action	41, 42
placeholder pronoun	509
plural	16, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 121, 157, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 210, 211, 292, 412, 413, 414, 530, 586, 587, 617
plural, broken	41, 42, 43, 47, 65, 66, 364
plural, non-human	95
plural, sound	42, 43, 47, 585
plural, sound feminine	42, 66
plural, sound masculine	42, 67, 117, 118, 368

plural form	43, 586, 587, 617
plural form, broken	44
plural form, sound	44, 46
plural forms	46, 291
plural forms, broken	585
plural forms of the infinitive	291
plural of participles	363
plural of the participles	363-364
plurals	22, 42, 365, 411, 412, 586, 587
plurals, broken	43, 46, 68
plurals, human	69
plurals, infinitive	291
plurals, Nisba	587
plurals, non-human	69, 95
plurals, sound feminine	66, 364
plurals, sound masculine	66, 209
polarity	121, 211
polarity, gender	179, 209, 210, 211
positive	412, 415
positive, intensified	412
possessive pronoun	117
possessive pronoun suffix	119
possibly	158, 618
possibly	618-619
predicate	24, 25, 26, 44, 45, 65, 118, 160, 180, 263, 292, 366,413, 611, 616
predicate, nominal	263, 614
predicates	161
prefix	42, 113, 114, 262
prefix a- أ	262
prefix i- اِ	287, 288
prefix ista- اِسْتَـ	288
prefix in- اِنْـ	287
prefix ta- تَـ	262, 287
prefix تـ	157
prefix مُـ	360
prefix particle فَـ	465
prefixes	41
preposition	72, 292, 293, 336, 366, 438, 440, 465, 467, 468, 533, 589
preposition بـِ	183, 293, 393, 590
preposition بِ	70
preposition بَعْدَ	239
preposition عِنْدَ	70
preposition لِ	70, 119
preposition لـِ	116, 158
preposition مَعَ	70, 393
preposition مٍنْ	22, 116, 413
prepositional phrase	26, 468, 611
prepositional phrases	71, 94
prepositions	65, 70,118, 119, 180, 212, 336, 366, 508, 557-562,589, 612
prepositions in the accusative	508
present	92, 113, 121, 263, 506
present tense	24, 121, 158, 160, 263, 437, 438, 441
present time	121
process	292, 366
professions	368
prohibition	158-160,161
pronominal suffix	69, 70, 117-120, 121, 156, 181, 182, 183, 208, 209, 366, 414, 465, 466, 467, 501, 502, 615, 619
pronominal suffixes	182, 617
pronoun	24, 94, 438, 468, 611, 612
pronoun, demonstrative	24, 26, 43, 116
pronoun, independent	616
pronoun, interrogative	25, 184
pronoun, object	118
pronoun, personal	24, 25, 26, 45, 94, 337, 502
pronoun, personal, independent	26
pronoun, possessive	117
pronoun, reflexive	183
pronoun, relative	69, 364
pronouns	23, 117, 562
pronouns, demonstrative	23, 43,116, 617
pronouns, independent	617
pronouns, interrogative	617
pronouns, personal	23,92
pronouns, personal, independent	117
pronouns, relative	69, 72, 336, 617
pronunciation	3-4, 7,21, 23, 118, 120
proper collective	593
proper collectives	586
proper name	593
proper names	21, 185, 586
quadriliteral	91, 96
quadriliteral nouns	390
quadriliteral verbs	261, 290, 360
qualitative adverbs	589
quantitative adverbs	589
quantities, unspecific	180
question	26, 616
question words	591
questions	25, 94, 507
questions using verbs	25
questions with مَا or مَنْ	25
R1 = ء	93, 114, 290, 361, 362
R1 = و	261, 262, 289, 361, 362
R1 = و / ى	287, 288
R1 = ى	289, 361, 362
R2 = ء	93, 114, 290, 361, 362
R2 = R3	93, 114, 290, 361, 362
R2 = و / ى	262, 287, 288
R2 = و or ى	207
R2 = و	261, 262, 287, 289, 361, 362
R2 = ى	261, 262, 287, 289, 361, 362
R3 = ء	93, 114, 290, 361, 362
R3 = و	289, 361, 362
R3 = و / ى	261, 262, 287, 288, 361
R3 = ى	290, 361, 362
real conditional sentence	437
real conditional sentences	439, 440, 442
real conditions	437
reciprocal	338
reciprocal بَعْضُهُمُ الْبَعْضُ	184
reflexive	338
reflexive pronoun	183
reiteration, numerals of	393
relation of tenses	437
relations of tenses	437
relative clause	69, 365
relative clauses	336, 364-366
relative clauses, shortened	502
relative pronoun	69, 364
relative pronouns	69,72, 336, 617
repeated action	264
requests	563
root	41, 47, 261, 503, 588
root consonant	390, 588
root letter	93, 588
root letter و / ى	287
root letters	41, 91, 236
roots	41-42
routine action	264
rules of agreement	95
script	12
script, Arabic	7, 11-13
scripts, Arabic	15
semi-	533-534
sentence, conditional	437, 444
sentence, conditional, real	437
sentence, exceptive	469
sentence, nominal	24-25,160, 181, 263, 501
sentence, two-sided	615-616
sentence, verbal	94-95,96, 208, 263, 441, 501
sentences, concessive	443
sentences, conditional	437, 444, 564
sentences, conditional, real	439, 440, 442
sentences, conditional, unreal	441
sentences, conditional, with إِذَا	437-441
sentences, conditional, with لَوْ	441-442
sentences, exceptive	467, 564
sentences, exceptive, without negation	468
sentences, Imperfect, negation of	438
sentences, interrogative	94, 180
sentences, object	95
sentences, nominal	24, 65, 69, 438, 611, 618
sentences, nominal, affirmative	263
sentences, verbal	26, 438, 611, 616, 618
sentences with أَنَّ, غَيْرَ أَنَّ إلَّا	466
sentences with أَنَّ	95
sentences with أَنْ and أَنَّ	611-614
sentences with لِأَنَّ, إِذْ, حَيْثُ a. o.	466
sentences with (وَ)لٰكِنْ, (وَ)لٰكِنَّ, بَلْ, (وَ)لَا	465-466
sentences with two objects	336
sequence of vowels	333, 334
several	183-184
Shadda	5, 7
short vowel	71, 236, 592
short vowel sign	65
short vowels	5, 236
shortened relative clauses	502
sign for doubling	16
sign for short vowel a	16
sign for short vowel i	16
sign for short vowel u	16
sign for the absence of a vowel	16
signs, auxiliary	5
simple noun	359, 368
simple nouns	359
since	156
single action, noun of the	503
single specimen	586
singular	22, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 65, 66, 69, 91, 95, 158, 179, 180, 181, 182, 209, 210, 364, 411, 412, 413, 414, 585, 586, 619
singular form	43, 95, 336, 586
singular nouns	617
singulars	365
sisters of إِنَّ	501
Sisters of ظَنَّ	392
Sisters of كَادَ	265-266
Sisters of كَانَ	264-265
Sisters of kāna	266
situations	338
so that	156
some	183-184
sound feminine plural	42, 66
sound feminine plurals	66, 364
sound masculine plural	42, 67, 117, 118, 368
sound masculine plurals	66, 209
sound plural	42, 43, 47, 585
sound plural form	44, 46
sound verb	92, 96
sound verbs	91, 92-94, 113, 207, 234, 261, 262, 263, 333
specimen, single	586
speech	96, 613
speech, direct	209
speech, indirect	209
spelling	7, 12, 69, 118, 157, 236, 360, 591
spelling rules	289
spoken Arabic	237, 264
stable word combinations	115
standard Arabic	387, 468, 615
state	263, 366, 504
state, construct	115
statement	293, 465, 562, 613
statement, negated	444
states	338
status	365, 416
status of (in-)definiteness	44, 45
stress	7, 71,72, 94
stress markers	71
string of genitive constructs	117
structure, basic	263, 287
structure أَفْعَلُ	413, 415, 419
structure تَفَعَّلَ	263
structure فَاعَلَ	262
structure فَاعِلٌ	390
structure فَعَّلَ	261
structure فَعْلَةٌ	503
structure فِعَالٌ	390
structure فُعَالِيٌّ	394
structure فَعُولٌ	390
structure فَعِيلٌ	390
structure مُفَاعَل(ةٌ)	390
structure مِفْعَالٌ	388
structure مَفْعِلٌ	389
structure مَفْعَل(ةٌ)	390
structure مَفْعَلَةٌ	389
structure مَفْعِلَةُ	389
structure مِفْعَلَةٌ	388
structures, basic	612
subject	24, 25, 26, 65, 69, 91, 94, 95, 96, 156, 181, 208-209,292, 333, 336, 337, 365, 442, 501, 504, 505, 506-507, 506, 507, 562, 611, 612, 615, 616, 619
subject, passive	338
subject in the accusative	506-507
subjunctive	91, 96, 155-156, 234-236,237, 263, 266, 440, 504, 564, 611, 612
subordinate clause	292, 443, 463, 464, 466, 611, 612
subordinate clauses	94, 156
substitute of the subject	333
suffix	45, 92, 113, 119, 234, 592, 617
suffix, personal pronoun	69, 70, 117, 183
suffix, possessive pronoun	119
suffix, pronominal	156, 182, 183, 208, 366, 414, 465, 466, 501, 615, 619
suffix, pronoun	118, 119, 121, 502
suffix ا	23
suffix ـه	118
suffix ـهُ	507
suffix pronoun	181, 209, 362
suffixes	41, 71, 92, 117, 120, 155, 292, 588
suffixes, adjective	588
suffixes, pronominal	182, 617
suffixes, pronoun	117-120
Sukūn	5, 22, 159, 236
sun letters	21, 46
superlative	360, 368, 414, 415, 416, 419
superlative form	412
surprise	507-508,509
surprise and amazement in the accusative	507-508
t-infix	287
Tā‘ marbūṭa	4, 503
Tamyīz	506
Tamyīz accusative	416-417
Tamyīz-accusative	416, 417, 419, 506
tamyīz (accusative)	420
tanwīn	65-68
tense	41, 91, 263, 366, 441, 506
tense, future	114, 121, 156, 158, 441
tense, Imperfect	91, 155, 156, 207, 233-234,333, 335, 336, 438, 439
tense, past	437, 438, 439, 440
tense, Perfect	91, 92-94, 96, 155, 156, 158, 160, 207-208,335, 437, 438, 439, 442, 443, 464, 467, 616
tense, present	24, 121, 158, 160, 263, 437, 438, 441
tenses	91, 437
tenses, relations of	437
text, unvocalized	5
text, vocalized	5
texts, unvocalized	209, 236
texts, vocalized	65
that	23
that (أَنَّ)	95, 156
that … not	156
these	43
third	533-534
this	23
those	43
time	240-241
time, military	240
time, present	121
title	586, 593
titles	532
to	156
too big, too long	618
too big / too long	618
transcription	45
transitive	337, 338
transitive verb	91, 96, 293
transitive verbs	289, 502, 611
transliteration	6, 7
transliteration, English	7
triliteral	91, 96, 503, 588
triliteral nouns	390
triptotes	68
two-sided sentence	615-616,619
typeface	15
typefaces	15
types of Arabic scripts	15
uncertain action in the future	613
undeclinable nouns	617-618,619
underived noun	359
unreal comparisons	442
unreal conditional clause	264
unreal conditional sentences	441, 442
unreal genitive construct	418-419,420
until	156
unspecific quantities	180
unvocalized	68
unvocalized text	5
unvocalized texts	209, 236
use, nominal	293
use of كَانَ	263-264
use of the infinitive	292-293
use of the participle as predicate	366
use of the participles	364
use of the particle فَـ	438
value, phonetic	208
vehicles	368
verb	26, 41, 70, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 113-114, 118, 156, 161, 207, 208, 209, 234, 236, 261-263,266, 288, 289, 292, 293, 336, 337, 359, 364, 366, 414, 437, 438, 439, 442, 443, 466, 467, 502, 505, 506, 562, 563, 586, 589, 611, 612, 613, 615, 616, 619
verb, auxiliary	263
verb, derived	96
verb, double transitive	338
verb, full	96
verb, hamzated	93, 96
verb, Imperfect	265
verb, intransitive	91, 96
verb, negated	467
verb, Perfect	505
verb, sound	92, 96
verb, transitive	91, 96, 293
verb R1 و / ى	212
verb R2 و / ى	212
verb R2 = R3	93, 96
verb R3 و / ى	212
verb أَتَى	236-237
verb جَاءَ	236-237
verb رَأَى	236-237
verb كَانَ	263
verb لَيْسَ	438
verb types	237
verbal action	41, 42, 158, 292, 368, 503, 504, 505
verbal actions	562
verbal clause	612
verbal noun	41, 121, 294, 336, 367, 416, 590
verbal noun, artificial	294
verbal noun with „Mīm“	294
verbal pattern	502
verbal patterns	261
verbal sentence	94-95,96, 208, 263, 441, 501
verbal sentences	26, 438, 611, 616, 618
verbs	70, 91,92, 113, 119, 155, 157, 159, 161, 207, 212, 233, 234, 236-237,261, 263, 264, 265, 266, 287, 288, 291, 293, 334, 336, 366, 389, 390, 562, 563, 564, 613
verbs, colloquial	237
verbs, derived	337
verbs, double transitive	336-337, 501
verbs, doubly transitive	390-392
verbs, hamzated	91, 93, 113
verbs, intransitive	289, 612
verbs, modal	613
verbs, passive	612
verbs, quadriliteral	261, 290, 360
verbs, sound	91, 92-94,113, 207, 234, 261, 262, 263, 333
verbs, transitive	289, 502, 611
verbs, weak	207, 234, 261, 262, 263, 289, 361, 362, 503
verbs, which make a statement	156
verbs of communication and expression	612
verbs of demanding, ordering, suggesting, wishing, doubting, fearing or emotions	613
verbs of hope, fear, wish, demand	156
verbs of knowing or believing	612
verbs of perception	612
verbs R1 = أ	157
verbs R1 = و	157
verbs R1 = و / ى	234, 287
verbs R1 = ى	263
verbs R2 = R3	91, 93, 94, 113
verbs R2 = و / ى	288
verbs R3 = و / ى	236
verbs with R1 = و	207, 233, 237
verbs with R1 = ى	207, 233
verbs with R2 = و / ى	233, 235, 236, 262
verbs with R2 = و or ى	207
verbs with R2 = ى	233
verbs with R3 = و / ى	234, 235, 237, 261, 262
verbs with R3 = و or ى	207
verbs with و / ى	333
verbs with و / ى as R1, R2, R3	261
verbs with وand ى	207-208, 233-234
verbs with و or ى as R1, R2 or R3	91
vessels	387-388
vocalization	207, 261, 360, 507
vocalization markers	263
vocalizations	5
vocalized text	5
vocalized texts	65
vocative particle يَا	507
voice, active	91, 96, 333
voice, passive	91, 96, 287, 293, 333-336, 336-337,338, 366
vowel	3, 5, 16, 21, 22, 71, 93, 113, 119, 155, 207, 233, 262, 287, 288, 591, 592
vowel, auxiliary	93, 159
vowel, Imperfect	113, 157, 389
vowel, initial	157, 234, 236
vowel, long	21, 71, 207, 233, 234, 287, 361, 390, 592
vowel, short	71, 236, 592
vowel combination	5
vowel endings	120
vowel order	333
vowel sequence	333
vowel sign	65
vowel sign, short	65
vowel signs	7, 16, 68, 155, 156
vowelless	591
vowels	3, 4, 5, 7, 16, 41, 71, 261, 333, 591
vowels, long	41, 71
vowels, sequence of	333, 334
vowels, short	5, 41, 236
Waṣla	21, 22
weak letter	212
weak verbs	207, 234, 261, 262, 263, 289, 361, 362, 503
what	184
which	184
whether	440
whole	181-182
wish	266
without	536
word combinations, stable	115
word order	24, 94, 95, 180, 181, 208, 209, 212, 615, 616
word stem	617
writing techniques	12
years in dates	211-212
>>yes<< or >>no<< question	24

MODERN STANDARD ARABIC

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