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4 |
﴾إِنَّ التَّوْفِيقَ مِنَ اللهِ سُبْحَانَهُ َتَعَالَى﴿ |
٤ |
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4. Prepositions |
٤) حُرُوفُ الْجَرِّ |
All prepositions are followed by the genitive.
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On the table there is a book. |
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In the house there are many rooms. |
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The student went from the house to the station. |
The prepositions بِ »with« and لِ »for« are connected to the following word: بِالْقَلَمِ »with the pen«. Note: The Alif of the article is omitted after لِ: »for the man« لِلرَّجُلِ.
Different prepositions can be part of the same verb, changing the meaning significantly:
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The student stood up. |
to stand up |
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The president paid the university a visit. |
to carry out s.th. |
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The students revolted against the president. |
to revolt against s.o. or s.th. |
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The students stood up in honour of the president. |
to stand up in honour of s.o. |
The prepositions عِنْدَ / مَعَ / لِ also express »to have s.th., to own s.th.«:
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The student has many exercise books. |
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The professor has many books. |
Often these prepositions are used with a pronominal suffix as well (↑6):
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Do you (m./f.) have many books? |
هَلْ عِنْدَكَ / عِنْدَكِ (مَعَكَ / مَعَكِ، لَكَ / لَكِ)كُتُبٌ كَثِيرَةٌ؟ |
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Yes, I have many books. |
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Do we have / Do you have / Do they have many problems? |
هَلْ عِنْدَنَا / عِنْدَكُمْ / عِنْدَهُمْ مَشَاكِلُ كَثِيرَةٌ؟ |
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Yes, we have / you have / they have many problems. |
نَعَمْ، عِنْدَنَا / عِنْدَكُمْ / عِنْدَهُمْ مَشَاكِلُ كَثِيرَةٌ. |
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He has / She has new exercise books. |
١۸، ١۹، ٢۹، ٣۰، ٣١
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