{"id":5630,"date":"2017-08-02T07:18:55","date_gmt":"2017-08-02T07:18:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modern-standard-arabic.net\/?page_id=5630\/"},"modified":"2018-09-02T07:49:48","modified_gmt":"2018-09-02T05:49:48","slug":"abbreviations-english","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/modern-standard-arabic.net\/en\/abbreviations-english\/","title":{"rendered":"Abbreviations &#8211; English"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"page-0\" class=\"page-eedition\">\n<div class=\"WordSection1\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\"><strong>Abbreviations<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"WordSection2\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"table-scrollable\">\n<table dir=\"rtl\" style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>A.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">accusative<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>a.o.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">among others<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>coll.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">collective noun<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>colloq.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">colloquial language<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>def.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">definite<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>e.g.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">for example<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>eg.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">Egyptian<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>engl.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">Englisch<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>f.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">feminine<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>Fr.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">French<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>G.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">genitive<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>geogr.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">geography<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>indef.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">indefinite<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>intr.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">intransitive<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>lit.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">literally<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>m.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">masculine<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>N.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">nominative<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>o.s.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">oneself<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>P.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">person<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>p. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">page<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>pl.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">plural<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>pron. suf.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">pronominal suffix<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>R1<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">1. root consonant<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>R2<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">2. root consonant<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>R3<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">3. root consonant<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>s.b.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">somebody<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>s.o.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">someone<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>s.th<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">something<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>sg.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">singular<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>suff.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">suffix<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>Syr.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">Syrian<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>tr.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">transitive<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\"><em>V<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td valign=\"top\" width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">vocabulary<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"WordSection3\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\">\u00a0<strong>Symbols<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"WordSection4\">\n<div class=\"table-scrollable\">\n<table dir=\"rtl\" style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"38%\">\n<p class=\"standard-arabic fs-12\">\u2191<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">see; compare<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"38%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img25\" src=\"\/eedition\/images\/alwpikto-1.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/td>\n<td width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">writing exercise<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"38%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img25\" src=\"\/eedition\/images\/alwpikto-3.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/td>\n<td width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">listening comprehension<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"38%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img25\" src=\"\/eedition\/images\/alwpikto-4.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/td>\n<td width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">computerized exercise<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"38%\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img25\" src=\"\/eedition\/images\/alwpikto-2.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/td>\n<td width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">homework<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"38%\"><strong><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"img25\" src=\"\/eedition\/images\/alwpikto-5.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"61%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">exercises (from \u2026 to \u2026)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/modern-standard-arabic.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/Das-arabische-Alphabet.pdf\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/modern-standard-arabic.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/alwpikto-6-e1533724086493.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"25\" height=\"25\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">print<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\"><strong>Arabic Abbreviations<\/strong><\/p>\n<div>\n<div class=\"table-scrollable\">\n<table dir=\"rtl\" style=\"width: 100%;\" border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"25%\">\n<p class=\"standard-arabic fs-12\">\u062b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"37%\">\n<p class=\"standard-arabic fs-12\">\u0645\u062b\u0646\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"37%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">dual<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"25%\">\n<p class=\"standard-arabic fs-12\">\u062c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"37%\">\n<p class=\"standard-arabic fs-12\">\u062c\u0645\u0639<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"37%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">plural<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"25%\">\n<p class=\"standard-arabic fs-12\">\u0645<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"37%\">\n<p class=\"standard-arabic fs-12\">\u0645\u0624\u0649\u062b<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"37%\">\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">feminine<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"standard-arabic fs-12\">\u0647\u0640<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"standard-arabic fs-12\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">something<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p class=\"standard-arabic fs-12\">\u0647<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"standard-arabic fs-12\">\n<\/td>\n<td>\n<p class=\"standard-tohoma fs-12\" dir=\"ltr\">someone, somebody<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abbreviations \u00a0 A. accusative a.o. among others coll. collective noun colloq. colloquial language def. definite e.g. for example eg. Egyptian engl. Englisch f. feminine Fr. French G. genitive geogr. geography indef. indefinite intr. intransitive lit. literally m. masculine N. nominative o.s. oneself P. person p. page pl. plural pron. suf. pronominal suffix R1 1. root [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"","meta":{"_wds_title":"","_wds_metadesc":"","_wds_focus-keywords":"","_wds_meta-robots-adv":"","_wds_meta-robots-noindex":false,"_wds_meta-robots-nofollow":false,"_wds_meta-robots-index":false,"_wds_meta-robots-follow":false,"_wds_autolinks-exclude":false,"_wds_canonical":"","_wds_redirect":"","_wds_opengraph":[],"_wds_twitter":[],"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-5630","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","wpbf-post"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/modern-standard-arabic.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5630","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/modern-standard-arabic.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/modern-standard-arabic.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modern-standard-arabic.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/modern-standard-arabic.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5630"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/modern-standard-arabic.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/5630\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/modern-standard-arabic.net\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5630"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}