{"id":5483,"date":"2017-08-01T09:12:20","date_gmt":"2017-08-01T09:12:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/modern-standard-arabic.net\/?page_id=5483\/"},"modified":"2017-08-09T08:43:56","modified_gmt":"2017-08-09T08:43:56","slug":"lesson-11-english","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/modern-standard-arabic.net\/en\/lesson-11-english\/","title":{"rendered":"Lesson 11 – English"},"content":{"rendered":"
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11<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n\ufd3e\u0625\u0650\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650\ufd3f<\/span><\/td>\n\n

\u0661\u0661<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0661\u0661<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
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11<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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\ufd3e<\/span>\u0625\u0650\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650<\/span>\ufd3f <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0661\u0661<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
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\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0635 (\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633<\/strong> <\/span>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/strong> (\u0661\u0661)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u0651<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629<\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633 <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/strong> (\u0661\u0661)<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0661<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0662\u060c \u0662\u0666<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

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\u0661\u060c \u0662\u0665<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0662<\/strong><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
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\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0668<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0663\u060c \u0664\u060c \u0665\u060c \u0666\u060c \u0667<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0663<\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0661\u0663\u060c \u0661\u0664\u060c \u0661\u0665<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0669\u060c \u0661\u0660\u060c \u0661\u0661\u060c \u0661\u0662<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0664 <\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/span>\u0663\u0667\u060c \u0664\u0660<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0663\u0666\u060c \u0663\u0669<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0665<\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0663\u0665\u060c \u0663\u0668<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628 \u0668<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0666<\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0661\u0667\u060c \u0661\u0669\u060c \u0662\u0661\u060c \u0664\u0662\u060c \u0664\u0663<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0661\u0666\u060c \u0661\u0668\u060c \u0662\u0660 \/<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0661\u0663\u060c \u0661\u0664\u060c \u0661\u0665<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0667 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0663\u0662\u060c \u0663\u0663\u060c \u0663\u0664<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0662\u0667\u060c \u0662\u0668\u060c \u0662\u0669\u060c \u0663\u0660\u060c \u0663\u0661<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0668 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0664\u0661\u060c \u0664\u0664 \/ \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0663\u0664\u060c \u0663\u0665\u060c \u0663\u0668
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0669<\/strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0646\u064a\u0646)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0662\u0662\u060c \u0662\u0663\u060c \u0662\u0664 \/ <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0661\u0667\u060c \u0661\u0669\u060c \u0662\u0661\u060c \u0664\u0662\u060c \u0664\u0663<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0661\u0660 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u00a0
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0663\u0667\u060c \u0664\u0660<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0661\u0661 <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0645\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0633<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0634\u0631<\/strong> (\u0661\u0661)<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0651\u0629 \u0661\u0662<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

(\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u064a\u0633)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

260<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n

11<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\ufd3e<\/span>\u0625\u0650\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650<\/span>\ufd3f <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0661\u0661<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\n\n\n\n
\n

1. <\/span><\/strong><\/span>The derived forms of the verb: II, III, IV, V<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0661) \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0632\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064f: \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e<\/strong> (II<\/span>) <\/strong>\u060c \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e<\/strong> (III<\/span>) <\/strong>\u060c \u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e<\/strong> (IV<\/span>) <\/strong>\u060c \u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e <\/strong>\u00a0(V<\/span>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

By changing the structure of the basic form of the Arabic verb (\u064a\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064f <\/span>\/ \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e<\/span>) additional verbs can be derived. A total of 15 of such verbal patterns (Forms) exist; of which only 10 are used more or less frequently. They are marked by Roman numerals in grammar books and dictionaries, where the base Form = Form I and the derived Forms = Form II, III … X. Theoretically it is possible to derive all forms for each verb; however, in reality rarely more than 4 or 5 forms of the same verbs occur. Very often the verb exists only in one form. The different verbal patterns and forms correspond with specific semantic information, but ultimately they all relate to the basic meaning of the root of the verb. The derived forms of sample verbs \u0648\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0644\u064e<\/span>\u060c \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e<\/span>\u060c \u0628\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064e <\/span>and \u0644\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e <\/span>are used to illustrate the pattern of \u201cweak\u201d verbs. But again, they do not occur in every form: for example \u0642\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e <\/span>is only used in Form I (\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e<\/span>), II (\u0642\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e<\/span>), III (\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e<\/span>), IV (\u0623\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e<\/span>) and X (\u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e<\/span>).<\/p>\n

The derived forms of the verbs with \u0648<\/span>\/ \u0649 <\/span>as \u0641 <\/span>(R1), \u0639 <\/span>(R2), \u0644 <\/span>(R3) have the same characteristics as the derived forms of the sound verbs. However, it is necessary to remember that \u0648 <\/span>or \u0649 <\/span>appear in some forms as shortened vowels when used as Jussive or Imperative. They are no longer written as is the case with the base form of the \u201cweak\u201d verbs.<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Form II: Doubling of<\/strong> \u0639<\/strong><\/span> (R<\/strong>2)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

\u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064c \u0635\u064e\u062d\u0650\u064a\u062d\u064c<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0641<\/strong>\u00a0(R<\/span><\/strong>1<\/span>) <\/strong>= <\/strong>\u0648<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0639<\/strong>\u00a0(R<\/span><\/strong>2<\/span>)<\/strong>\u00a0= <\/strong>\u0648<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0639<\/strong>\u00a0(R<\/span><\/strong>2<\/span>)<\/strong>\u00a0= <\/strong>\u0649<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0644<\/strong>\u00a0(<\/strong>R<\/strong><\/span>3<\/span>)<\/strong> = <\/strong>\u0648\/\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0636\u0650\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e<\/strong> <\/a> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0648\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0642\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0628\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0639\u064e<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0649<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0651\u0644\u064f<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0648\u064e\u0635\u0650\u0651\u0644\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0642\u064e\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0645\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0639\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0642\u0650\u0651\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0635\u064f\u0648\u0628\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0651\u0644\u064e<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0648\u064e\u0635\u0650\u0651\u0644\u064e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0642\u064e\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0645\u064e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0639\u064e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0642\u0650\u0651\u064a\u064e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0632\u064f\u0648\u0645\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0652<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0648\u064e\u0635\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0642\u064e\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0645\u0652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0639\u0652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0642\u0650\u0651<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064f <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0641\u064e\u0639\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0652<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0648\u064e\u0635\u0650\u0651\u0644\u0652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0642\u064e\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0645\u0652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0650\u0651\u0639\u0652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0644\u064e\u0642\u0650\u0651<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

In principle, there is no difference between the weak verbs and the sound verbs of the form \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e<\/span>, because here \u0648 <\/span>and \u0649 <\/span>are full consonants. The only special cases are the \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0632\u064f\u0648\u0645\u064f<\/span> (Jussive) and \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064f <\/span>(Imperative), similar to Form I. Verbs with \u0644 <\/span>(R3) = \u0648 <\/span>\/ \u0649 <\/span>take the same endings in the derived forms; therefore only the sample verb \u0644\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e <\/span>is shown in the table.<\/p>\n

Quadriliteral verbs have the same vocalization as verbs of Form II.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n
\n

to translate<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0645\u064e \/ \u064a\u064f\u062a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062c\u0650\u0645\u064f<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0641\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0644\u064e \/ \u064a\u064f\u0641\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0644\u0650\u0644\u064f<\/strong><\/a> <\/a>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

261<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n

11<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\ufd3e<\/span>\u0625\u0650\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650<\/span>\ufd3f <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0661\u0661<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Form III: Lengthening of the vowel after \u0641 <\/span>(R1)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064c \u0635\u064e\u062d\u0650\u064a\u062d\u064c<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0641<\/strong>\u00a0(R<\/span><\/strong>1<\/span>)<\/strong> =<\/strong>\u0648 <\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0639<\/strong>\u00a0(R<\/span><\/strong>2<\/span>)<\/strong>\u00a0= <\/strong>\u0648<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0639<\/strong>\u00a0(R<\/span><\/strong>2<\/span>)<\/strong>\u00a0= <\/strong>\u0649<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0644<\/strong>\u00a0(R<\/span><\/strong>3<\/span>)<\/strong> = <\/strong>\u0648\/\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0636\u0650\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e<\/strong> <\/a> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0635\u064e\u0644\u064e<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0648\u064e\u0645\u064e<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0628\u064e\u0627\u064a\u064e\u0639\u064e<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0642\u064e\u0649<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u0644\u064f<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0635\u0650\u0644\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u0645\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0628\u064e\u0627\u064a\u0650\u0639\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0635\u064f\u0648\u0628\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u0644\u064e<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0635\u0650\u0644\u064e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u0645\u064e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0628\u064e\u0627\u064a\u0650\u0639\u064e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0632\u064f\u0648\u0645\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u0644\u0652<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0635\u0650\u0644\u0652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u0645\u0652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0628\u064e\u0627\u064a\u0650\u0639\u0652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064f <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u0650\u0644\u0652<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0635\u0650\u0644\u0652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0648\u0650\u0645\u0652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0628\u064e\u0627\u064a\u0650\u0639\u0652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0644\u064e\u0627\u0642\u0650<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

The conjugation of the weak verbs of the form \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e <\/span>shows no difference from the sound verbs except in \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0632\u064f\u0648\u0645\u064f<\/span> (Jussive) and \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064f <\/span>(Imperative).<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Form IV: prefix a<\/em>– <\/strong>\u0641<\/span><\/strong> and \u00a0<\/span><\/strong>\u0623<\/span> (R1) has no vowel<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064c \u0635\u064e\u062d\u0650\u064a\u062d\u064c<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0641<\/strong>\u00a0(R<\/span><\/strong>1<\/span>)<\/strong> =<\/strong>\u0648 <\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0639<\/strong>\u00a0(R<\/span><\/strong>2<\/span>)<\/strong> = <\/strong>\u0648\/\u0649<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0644<\/strong>\u00a0(R<\/span><\/strong>3<\/span>)<\/strong> = <\/strong>\u0648\/\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0636\u0650\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e<\/strong> <\/a> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0635\u064e\u0644\u064e<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0649<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0644\u064f<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0650\u0644\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0650\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0635\u064f\u0648\u0628\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0644\u064e<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0650\u0644\u064e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0645\u064e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0632\u064f\u0648\u0645\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0641\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0644\u0652<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0635\u0650\u0644\u0652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0642\u0650\u0645\u0652<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0650<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064f <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u0650\u0644\u0652<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0635\u0650\u0644\u0652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0642\u0650\u0645\u0652<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0650<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u062a\u064e (\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0636\u0650\u064a)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062a\u064e<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0635\u064e\u0644\u0652\u062a\u064e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0645\u0652\u062a\u064e<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0642\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

The Hamza as a prefix of \u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e <\/span>(Form IV) is a Hamzat qa\u1e6d\u201b<\/em>. Verbs with \u0639 <\/span>(R2) = \u0648 <\/span>\/ \u0649 <\/span>and \u0644 <\/span>(R3) = \u0648 <\/span>\/ \u0649 <\/span>have the same form; therefore only one sample verb is given.<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Form V: Prefix ta<\/em> \u062a\u064e\u0640<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0641\u0650\u0639\u0652\u0644\u064c \u0635\u064e\u062d\u0650\u064a\u062d\u064c<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0641<\/strong>\u00a0(R<\/span><\/strong>1<\/span>) <\/strong>= <\/strong>\u0648<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0639<\/strong>\u00a0(R<\/span><\/strong>2<\/span>)<\/strong>\u00a0= <\/strong>\u0648<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0639<\/strong>\u00a0(R<\/span><\/strong>2<\/span>)<\/strong>\u00a0= <\/strong>\u0649<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0644<\/strong>\u00a0(<\/strong>R<\/strong><\/span>3<\/span>)<\/strong> = <\/strong>\u0648\/\u0649<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0636\u0650\u064a<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e<\/strong> <\/a> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062a\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062a\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0639\u064e<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0649<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064f<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0639\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0635\u064f\u0648\u0628\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0639\u064e<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0651\u0649<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0632\u064f\u0648\u0645\u064f<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0652<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0651<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0631\u064f <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0652<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062a\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0635\u064e\u0651\u0644\u0652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062a\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0639\u0652<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062a\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0651<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

262<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n

11<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\ufd3e<\/span>\u0625\u0650\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650<\/span>\ufd3f <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0661\u0661<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Verbs of the form \u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e <\/span>(Form V) have the same basic structure as \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e <\/span>(Form II). Weak verbs follow the same rules as sound verbs. The verbs \u0641 <\/span>(R1) = \u0649 <\/span>are not listed separately. \u0648<\/span>\/ \u0649 <\/span>as \u0641 <\/span>(R1) and \u0639 <\/span>(R2) are real consonants as they are in \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e <\/span>(Form II). Without vocalization markers the different forms of \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e <\/span>\/ \u0623\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e <\/span>\/ \u062a\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0651\u0644\u064e <\/span>(Form II \/ IV \/ V) often cannot be distinguished.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong> \u0666\u060c \u0669\u060c \u0661\u0660\u060c \u0661\u0661\u060c \u0661\u0662\u060c \u0661\u0663\u060c \u0661\u0664\u060c \u0661\u0665\u060c \u0661\u0666\u060c \u0661\u0667\u060c \u0661\u0668\u060c \u0663\u0660<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n
\n

2. <\/span><\/strong><\/span> The use of \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0662) ((\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e)) \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0644\u064e\u0629\u0650<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

The verb\u00a0<\/span> \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646 <\/span>(indicative:\u00a0<\/span> \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064f<\/span>) is used as an auxiliary verb, in order to describe actions or a state in a certain tense and time frame. In the nominal sentence the \u062e\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e<\/span> (nominal predicate) is in the accusative after \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628\u064f \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0647\u0650\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

The student was diligent.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062f\u064f \u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0646\u064e\u0627.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

A\u1e25mad was our teacher.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e <\/span>is negated by \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 <\/span>+ \u0623\u064e\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062c\u0652\u0632\u064f\u0648\u0645\u064f<\/span> (Jussive), consequently \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0646\u0652<\/span>:<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628\u064f \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0647\u0650\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

The student was not diligent.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Present and future are expressed with \u0623\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639 <\/span>of \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e <\/span>in the nominal sentence.<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628\u064f \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0647\u0650\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

The student is diligent.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064f \u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062f\u064f \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0629\u0650.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

A\u1e25mad is the principal \/ will be the principal.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e <\/span>is rarely used to express the present tense (\u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064f <\/span>\u00bbis\u00ab); it merely serves to emphasize the predicate. In general, affirmative nominal sentences do not require an auxiliary verb. \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e <\/span>in the subjunctive is obligatory after the conjunction \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 <\/span>\u00bbthat\u00ab:<\/p>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0623\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0627\u0641\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062f\u064f \u0645\u064f\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0628\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0636\u064d \u062c\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064d.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

I am afraid that A\u1e25mad has a new disease. (literally: … is stricken by a new disease.)<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

The negation is \u0644\u064e\u0627 <\/span>+ \u0623\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639<\/span>, consequently \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064f<\/span>:<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n
\n

A\u1e25mad is not the principle \/ will not be the principle.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064f \u0623\u064e\u062d\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062f\u064f \u0645\u064f\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0629\u0650.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

However, \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064f<\/span> = \u00bbis not<\/em>\u00ab, rarely occurs, because sentences of this kind are usually negated with \u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e <\/span>(\u2191L7).<\/p>\n

In the verbal sentence<\/strong> \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e <\/span>helps determining the tense:<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n
\n

completely finished action in the past:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

he had done<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

He had written the letter when his friend came.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0639\u0650\u0646\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u064e\u0621\u064e \u0635\u064e\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0642\u064f\u0647\u064f.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

263<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n

11<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\ufd3e<\/span>\u0625\u0650\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650<\/span>\ufd3f <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0661\u0661<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

continuous, repeated or routine action in the past:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

he used to do<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064f<\/strong> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

In those days he used to write letters.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0643\u0652\u062a\u064f\u0628\u064f \u0631\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0644\u064e \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0645\u0650.<\/a><\/a> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

a certain action in the future: <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

he will have done<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064f \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

He will have written the letter before Sunday.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064f \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0643\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0628\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e\u0629\u064e \u0642\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0644\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0645\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062f\u0650.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

action which could have happened in the past:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

he would have done<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0633\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

he would have become<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0633\u064e\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0652\u0628\u0650\u062d\u064f<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

he would have said<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0633\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0642\u064f\u0648\u0644\u064f<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

he would have died<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0633\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u062a\u064f<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

he would have asked<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0633\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0644\u064f<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

The compound \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0633\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064f<\/span> is relatively new and perhaps a result of increased translation activity. It is often followed by an unreal conditional clause or an adversative clause. \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e <\/span>and \u064a\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064f <\/span>are used most frequently. \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064f<\/span> can be found in both spoken Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic. \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e<\/span>\u060c<\/span> \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064f<\/span> \u0642\u064e\u062f\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u00a0<\/span>and \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0633\u064e\u064a\u064e\u0641\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064f<\/span> are more rare.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/strong> \u0667\u060c \u0661\u0669\u060c \u0662\u0660\u060c \u0663\u0661<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/strong>\"\"<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n
\n

3. <\/span><\/strong><\/span>Sisters of \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e<\/strong><\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0663) \u0623\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064f \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

The Sisters of \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e <\/span>are verbs that are used similar to \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e<\/span>. The most frequent are:<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

to become<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0628\u064e\u062d\u064e IV<\/span> (\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0652\u0628\u0650\u062d\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0635\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

This journalist became well-known.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0628\u064e\u062d\u064e \u0647\u0670\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064f\u0651\u062d\u064f\u0641\u0650\u064a\u064f\u0651 \u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0641\u064b\u0627.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

to be, to become<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0636\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0649 IV<\/span> (\u064a\u064f\u0636\u0652\u062d\u0650\u064a \u0625\u0650\u0636\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064b)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

The work became difficult.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0636\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064f \u0635\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

to be, to become<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0649 <\/span>IV (\u064a\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0633\u0650\u064a \u0625\u0650\u0645\u0652\u0633\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064b<\/span>)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

The studies became boring.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0633\u064e\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0631\u064e\u0627\u0633\u064e\u0629\u064f \u0645\u064f\u0645\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0651\u0629\u064b.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

to become<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e (\u064a\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u062a\u064f \u0645\u064e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u062a\u064b\u0627)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

The project became reality.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0639\u064f \u062d\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0642\u064e\u0629\u064b.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

to stay, to continue to be<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0628\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e (\u064a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u0642\u064e\u0649 \u0628\u064e\u0642\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064b)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

The professor continued to teach at this institute.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0628\u064e\u0642\u0650\u064a\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0623\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0627\u0630\u064f \u064a\u064f\u062f\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0633\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0647\u0670\u0630\u064e\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0647\u064e\u062f\u0650.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

264<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n

11<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\ufd3e<\/span>\u0625\u0650\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650<\/span>\ufd3f <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0661\u0661<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

to last, to continue to be<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062f\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e (\u064a\u064e\u062f\u064f\u0648\u0645\u064f \u062f\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064b\u0627)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

as long as<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062f\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

As long as the weather is cold, I don\u2019t go to university.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0644\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0623\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064e \u0625\u0650\u0644\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062c\u064e\u0627\u0645\u0650\u0639\u064e\u0629\u0650 \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u062f\u064e\u0627\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064e\u0651\u0642\u0652\u0633\u064f \u0628\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

to become<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e (\u064a\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064f \u0635\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0631\u064e\u0629\u064b)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

The air of the cities became dirty.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0635\u064e\u0627\u0631\u064e \u0647\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u062f\u064f\u0646\u0650 \u0648\u064e\u0633\u0650\u062e\u064b\u0627.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

to go on doing s.th, to continue to do s.th.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0638\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651 (\u064a\u064e\u0638\u064e\u0644\u064f\u0651 \u0638\u064e\u0644\u064b\u0651\u0627)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

The student continued to be diligent.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0638\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628\u064f \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0652\u062a\u064e\u0647\u0650\u062f\u064b\u0627.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

to resume an activity<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0639\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e (\u064a\u064e\u0639\u064f\u0648\u062f\u064f \u0639\u064e\u0648\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0629\u064b)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

We resumed financing the project.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0639\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064f\u0645\u064e\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0639\u064e.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

not to do s.th. any more or any longer<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e \/ \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0639\u064f\u0648\u062f\u064f \/ \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0639\u064f\u062f\u0652<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

The film is not exciting any more.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0639\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0641\u0650\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f \u0645\u064f\u0634\u064e\u0648\u0650\u0651\u0642\u064b\u0627.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

still; not to cease doing s.th.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0644\u0652 \/ \u0643\u064e\u0627\u0646\u064e \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f \/ \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f \/ \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0632\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \/ \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0632\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

The journey is still possible.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0632\u064e\u0627\u0644\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0641\u064e\u0631\u064f \u0645\u064f\u0645\u0652\u0643\u0650\u0646\u064b\u0627.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

not to be<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

The exercise is not difficult.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0644\u064e\u064a\u0652\u0633\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0645\u0652\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0646\u064f \u0635\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\"\" \u0667\u060c \u0662\u0661\u060c \u0662\u0662\u060c \u0663\u0661<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n
\n

4. <\/strong>\u0643\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e<\/strong> <\/span> and its sisters<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0664) \u0643\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627<\/strong>
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

Verbs represented by \u0643\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e \u0648\u064e\u0623\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0648\u064e\u0627\u062a\u064f\u0647\u064e\u0627<\/span> have the following meanings:<\/p>\n

a)<\/strong> Beginning of an action<\/p>\n

Aside from \u0628\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623\u064e <\/span>\/ \u064a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0623\u064f <\/span>and \u0627\u0650\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0623\u064e <\/span>\/ \u064a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062a\u064e\u062f\u0650\u0626\u064f <\/span>Arabic knows a number of verbs indicating the beginning of an action. If they represent the beginning of an action and not their original meaning, they are used in \u0623\u0644\u0652\u0645\u0627\u064e\u0636\u064a\u0650 <\/span>followed by the verb in \u0623\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0636\u064e\u0627\u0631\u0650\u0639<\/span>.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

to begin, to start<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0630\u064e (\u064a\u064e\u0623\u0652\u062e\u064f\u0630\u064f \u0623\u064e\u062e\u0652\u0630\u064b\u0627)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

The teacher began lecturing.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u062e\u064e\u0630\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u0639\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0651\u0645\u064f \u064a\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0636\u0650\u0631\u064f.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

to begin, to start<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0628\u064e\u062d\u064e IV<\/span> (\u064a\u064f\u0635\u0652\u0628\u0650\u062d\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0635\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0627\u062d\u064b\u0627)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

F\u0101\u1e6dima began thinking about this question.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0635\u0652\u0628\u064e\u062d\u064e\u062a\u0652 \u0641\u064e\u0627\u0637\u0650\u0645\u064e\u0629\u064c \u062a\u064f\u0641\u064e\u0643\u0650\u0651\u0631\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0647\u0670\u0630\u0650\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0633\u0652\u0623\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0629\u0650.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

to begin, to start<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0634\u064e\u0623\u064e IV<\/span> (\u064a\u064f\u0646\u0652\u0634\u0650\u0626\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0652\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0621\u064b)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

The minister began to give his speech.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652\u0634\u064e\u0623\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0648\u064e\u0632\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064f \u064a\u064f\u0644\u0652\u0642\u0650\u064a \u0643\u064e\u0644\u0650\u0645\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0647\u064f.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

to begin, to start<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0634\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0639\u064e (\u064a\u064e\u0634\u0652\u0631\u064e\u0639\u064f \u0634\u064f\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0639\u064b\u0627)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

He began to work in the institute.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0634\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0639\u064e \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064f \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0647\u064e\u062f\u0650. \/ \u0634\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0639\u064e \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0644\u064e \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064e\u0639\u0652\u0647\u064e\u062f\u0650.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

265<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n

11<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\ufd3e<\/span>\u0625\u0650\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650<\/span>\ufd3f <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0661\u0661<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n

b) <\/strong>The approximate start of an action or event<\/p>\n

Mostly \u0643\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e <\/span>and \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0634\u064e\u0643\u064e <\/span>are used as well as \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064f <\/span>and \u064a\u064f\u0648\u0634\u0650\u0643\u064e <\/span>, which may be followed by \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 <\/span>+ Subjunctive.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

to be at the point of \u2026; about to do s.th.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0634\u064e\u0643\u064e IV<\/span> (\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0634\u0650\u0643\u064f \u0625\u0650\u064a\u0634\u064e\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627) (\u0639\u064e\u0644\u064e\u0649) (\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652)
\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

The lecture was about to begin.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0634\u064e\u0643\u064e\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0636\u064e\u0631\u0629\u064f \u062a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0623\u064f. \/ \u0623\u064e\u0648\u0652\u0634\u064e\u0643\u064e\u062a\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0645\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0627\u0636\u064e\u0631\u0629\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u062a\u064e\u0628\u0652\u062f\u064e\u0623\u064e<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

He is about to leave the country.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064f\u0648\u0634\u0650\u0643\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064f\u063a\u064e\u0627\u062f\u0650\u0631\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u0644\u064e\u062f\u064e.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

almost to do \/ be s.th.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0643\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e \/ \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064f (\u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

He almost accomplished his goal.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0643\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e \u064a\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0642\u0650\u0651\u0642\u064f \u0647\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0647\u064f.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

He almost accomplishes his goal.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u064a\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064f \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064f\u062d\u064e\u0642\u0650\u0651\u0642\u064e \u0647\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0641\u064e\u0647\u064f.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

no sooner \u2026 (than \u2026)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064f \/ \u0644\u064e\u0645\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064e\u062f\u0652 \/ \u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e … (\u062d\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0649 …)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

No sooner had he entered the house than they offered him juice.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0645\u064e\u0627 \u0643\u064e\u0627\u062f\u064e \u064a\u064e\u062f\u0652\u062e\u064f\u0644\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0628\u064e\u064a\u0652\u062a\u064e \u062d\u064e\u062a\u064e\u0651\u0649 \u0642\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0644\u064e\u0647\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0652\u0639\u064e\u0635\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064e.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

c)<\/strong> The verb \u0639\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0649 <\/span>expresses the likelihood of something or a wish to come true. It may be followed by \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 <\/span>+ Subjunctive.<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

It would be nice …<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0639\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0649 \/ \u0639\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

May God not separate us.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0639\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u064f \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064f\u0641\u064e\u0631\u0650\u0651\u0642\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Maybe soon.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0639\u064e\u0633\u064e\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u064a\u064e\u0643\u064f\u0648\u0646\u064e \u0642\u064e\u0631\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\nThe verbs \u0648\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0639\u064e \u2190 <\/span>\u064a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0639\u064f \u0648\u064e\u062f\u0652\u0639\u064b\u0627<\/span>\u00a0 a<\/span>nd\u00a0 \u062a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e \u2190 <\/span>\u064a\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0643\u064f \u062a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0643\u064b\u0627<\/span> \u00bblet s.th. happen<\/em>\u00ab are used in the same manner:<\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n
\n

He does not let us go.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u062f\u064e\u0639\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064f. \/ \u0644\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u064e\u062a\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0643\u064f\u0646\u064e\u0627 \u0646\u064e\u0630\u0652\u0647\u064e\u0628\u064f.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

He let the student enter.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062a\u064e\u0631\u064e\u0643\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064e\u0651\u0627\u0644\u0650\u0628\u064e \u064a\u064e\u062f\u0652\u062e\u064f\u0644\u064f.<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\"\" \u0667\u060c \u0662\u0661\u060c \u0662\u0662<\/span><\/strong> <\/p>\n

\u00a0 \"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0646\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/strong> <\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n
\n

Sisters of k\u0101na<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064f\u0647\u0627 <\/a> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n

 <\/td>\n\n

Sisters of k\u0101da<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0643\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062a\u064f\u0647\u0627 <\/a> <\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

266<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n

11<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\ufd3e<\/span>\u0625\u0650\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650<\/span>\ufd3f <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0661\u0661<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/strong><\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u0661 \u00a0<\/strong><\/span>\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627. <\/p>\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

gold<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0630\u0647\u0628<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

to realize<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u062f\u0652\u0631\u0643 IV<\/span> (\u064a\u064f\u062f\u0652\u0631\u0650\u0643\u064f \u0625\u0650\u062f\u0652\u0631\u0627\u0643\u064b\u0627)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

wind<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0631\u0650\u064a\u062d \u062c \u0631\u0650\u064a\u0627\u062d<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

to want<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u0631\u0627\u062f IV<\/span> (\u064a\u064f\u0631\u0650\u064a\u062f\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0629\u064b) (\u0623\u0646\u0652)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

to cause<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628 II<\/span> (\u064a\u064f\u0633\u0628\u0650\u0651\u0628\u064f \u062a\u0633\u0652\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0628\u064b\u0627)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

prosperity, boom<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0650\u0632\u0652\u062f\u0650\u0647\u0627\u0631<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

covering (needs, costs for); fulfillment (demand)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0633\u062f\u0651<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

profiting (from) (verbal noun<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0629 (\u0645\u0650\u0646)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

to strive (for)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0633\u0639\u0649 (\u064a\u0633\u0652\u0639\u0649 \u0633\u0639\u0652\u064a\u064b\u0627) \u0644\u0650\u0640 \/ \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0649<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

consumption<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0650\u0633\u0652\u062a\u0650\u0647\u0652\u0644\u0627\u0643<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

sun-; solar<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0634\u0645\u0652\u0633\u0650\u064a\u0651<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

to indicate, to hint (at)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0623\u0634\u0627\u0631 IV<\/span> (\u064a\u064f\u0634\u0650\u064a\u0631\u064f \u0625\u0650\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0629\u064b) \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0649<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

energy<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062c ~\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

creation (verbal noun<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0625\u0650\u064a\u062c\u0627\u062f<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

decade; contract; conclusion (of a contract)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0639\u0642\u0652\u062f \u062c \u0639\u064f\u0642\u064f\u0648\u062f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

alternative (also adj.<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0628\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0644 \u062c \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0650\u0644\u064f<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

to surpass; to go beyond<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0641\u0627\u0642 (\u064a\u0641\u064f\u0648\u0642\u064f \u0641\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064b\u0627)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

barrel<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0628\u0631\u0652\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0644 \u062c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0644\u064f<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

to be enough<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0643\u0641\u0649 (\u064a\u0643\u0652\u0641\u0650\u064a \u0643\u0650\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0629\u064b)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

thanks to \u2026 + gen. or suff.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0628\u0650\u0641\u0636\u0652\u0644\u0650<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

as is the case<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u064f\u0648\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0652\u062d\u0627\u0644<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

building; construction (verbal noun)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0628\u0650\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

quantity<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0643\u0645\u0650\u0651\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u062c ~\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

to be based, to be founded (on s.th.)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633 <\/a>V<\/a><\/span> <\/a>(\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0633\u0651\u0633\u064f \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064f\u0651\u0633\u064b\u0627)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

water<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062c \u0645\u0650\u064a\u0627\u0647<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

export<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062a\u0635\u0652\u062f\u0650\u064a\u0631 \u062c ~\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

regenerating<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0645\u064f\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0650\u0651\u062f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

to be changed; to change (intr<\/em>.)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631 V<\/span> (\u064a\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0651\u0631\u064f \u062a\u063a\u064a\u064f\u0651\u0631\u064b\u0627)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

limited<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0645\u062d\u0652\u062f\u064f\u0648\u062f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

pollution<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062a\u0644\u0648\u064f\u0651\u062b<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

fuels<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0645\u062d\u0652\u0631\u064f\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a (\u062c)<\/span> <\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

to be represented (in)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644 <\/a>V<\/a><\/span> (\u064a\u062a\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u064f \u062a\u0645\u062b\u064f\u0651\u0644\u064b\u0627) \u0641\u0650\u064a<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

leftovers; waste<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0645\u064f\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0627\u062a (\u062c)<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

expectation<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062a\u0648\u0642\u064f\u0651\u0639 \u062c ~\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

future<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u0645\u064f\u0633\u0652\u062a\u0642\u0652\u0628\u0644<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/td>\n\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

wealth<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062b\u0631\u0652\u0648\u0629 \u062c \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

radiant (radioactive<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0645\u064f\u0634\u0650\u0639\u0651<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

precious<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062b\u0645\u0650\u064a\u0646 \u062c ~\u0648\u0646\u064e<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

exporting<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0645\u064f\u0635\u062f\u0650\u0651\u0631 \u062c ~\u0648\u0646\u064e<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

to exceed<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 III<\/span> (\u064a\u064f\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0650\u0632\u064f \u0645\u064f\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632\u0629\u064b)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

average<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0645\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651\u0644 \u062c ~\u0627\u062a<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

demand<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u062c ~\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

wave<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0645\u0648\u0652\u062c \u062c \u0623\u0645\u0652\u0648\u0627\u062c<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

to try (to)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 III<\/span> (\u064a\u064f\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0650\u0644\u064f \u0645\u064f\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629\u064b) (\u0623\u0646\u0652)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

oil; petroleum<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0646\u0641\u0652\u0637<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

preservation of (verbal noun<\/em>)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062d\u0650\u0641\u0627\u0638 (\u0639\u0644\u0649)<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

clean, pure<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0646\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0651 \u062c \u0623\u0646\u0652\u0642\u0650\u064a\u0627\u0621\u064f<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

expert<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062e\u0628\u0650\u064a\u0631 \u062c \u062e\u064f\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0621\u064f<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

nuclear<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0646\u0648\u0648\u0650\u064a\u0651<\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\u00a0<\/td>\n\n

especially (adv<\/em>.)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062e\u064f\u0635\u064f\u0648\u0635\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\u0662<\/span> \"\"<\/strong> \u00a0\u0625\u062d\u0641\u0638\u0648\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0647.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

267<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n
\n\n\n\n
\n

11<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\ufd3e<\/span>\u0625\u0650\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u064f\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064e\u0631\u0652\u0636\u0650 \u064a\u064e\u0631\u0652\u062d\u064e\u0645\u0652\u0643\u064f\u0645\u0652 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u0652 \u0641\u0650\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064e\u0651\u0645\u064e\u0627\u0621\u0650<\/span>\ufd3f <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0661\u0661<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n

\n

\u0663 \u00a0<\/strong><\/span>\u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0631\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0639\u0628\u0629. \u064a\u0643\u0631\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0635\u0648\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064d \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0623\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0651\u0645.<\/p>\n

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\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062c\u062f\u0651\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627 \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0651\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u0628\u0651\u0628 \u062a\u0644\u0648\u0651\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0631\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u0644\u0651\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0639\u0651\u0629. <\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u0664<\/strong><\/span>